Inside the handle a rechargeable battery powers a small motor that spins or oscillates a magnetic drive. The head connects via a shaft and a coupling that turns the torque into rapid vibrations across the bristles.
Sensors manage runtime: pressure sensors warn if you press too hard, and timers divide the two minutes into quadrants so every zone gets equal attention. The sealed casing keeps moisture from entering while the head snaps in and out for cleaning.
Rinse the head after each use and let it air dry to avoid mold. Charging once every few weeks keeps the battery healthy; avoid constant plugging to reduce stress on the charge circuit. Replace brush heads every 3 months to stay hygienic.